Difference Between Pump and Compressor
Last Updated on December 11, 2024
A pump and a compressor are essential mechanical machines used in fluid and gas handling. They are used in both large-scale and small-scale industrial applications. Even though both machines have a few similarities, there are some key differences that you must consider when choosing one for your business.
What is a Pump?
It is a mechanical device that transports liquid from one place to another. The working of a pump involves transferring mechanical energy between a motor and liquid to be transported. This is done by increasing the fluid’s velocity for transfer between pipes or hoses. The two basic types of pumps are centrifugal and positive displacement pumps.
What is a Compressor?
It is a mechanical device used to compress gas by increasing pressure and minimising volume to move it from one place to another. The different types of compressors are centrifugal, reciprocating and rotary screw compressors.
Difference Between Pump and Compressor
Here are the key parameters on which a pump and a compressor differ:
Medium Transported
A pump is used to handle liquids as they are not compressible. The main function of a pump is to move the liquid. Pumps can handle water, oil or any chemical to create a flow in pipelines.
On the other hand, a compressor is used to compress gas by reducing its volume for easy storage or transportation.
Mode of Operation
A pump works by mechanically moving the liquid without changing its volume, while a compressor changes the volume of gas by compressing it at high pressure.
Pressure Difference
Pumps are used for low-pressure applications where pressure is not a higher concern, but fluid flow is. A compressor is used to achieve higher pressure levels by compressing the gas to the lowest volume.
Energy Consumption
Pumps are more energy-efficient than compressors. Since compressors require more energy to compress the gas by increasing pressure leads to higher power consumption.
Applications
Pumps are used in water supply systems, oil transfer, agricultural irrigation, chemical processing and wastewater management.
Compressors are used in refrigeration, air conditioning systems, pneumatic tools, gas pipelines, manufacturing processes and air supply.
Pump Vs Compressor: In Tabular Form
| Aspect | Pump | Compressor |
| Medium Handled | Liquids (incompressible) | Gases (compressible) |
| Primary Function | Moves liquids from one place to another | Increases the pressure of gases by reducing the volume |
| Operation | Transfers mechanical energy to create flow | Compresses gas to increase pressure |
| Types | Centrifugal, Positive Displacement | Centrifugal, Reciprocating, Rotary Screw |
| Energy Usage | Generally more energy-efficient for liquid movement | Requires more energy due to gas compression |
| Pressure Output | Low to medium-pressure | High-pressure output |
| Flow Rate | High flow rates for moving large volumes of liquid | Lower flow rates focused on pressure increase |
| Applications | Water supply, irrigation, oil transfer, chemical processing | Air tools, HVAC systems, gas pipelines, refrigeration |
| Suitability | Best for liquid handling and flow rate-focused tasks | Best for gas handling and pressure-focused tasks |
| Energy Transfer | Directly to liquid, increasing velocity | Increases kinetic energy of gas particles |
| System Complexity | Simpler, often easier to maintain | More complex require more maintenance |
| Efficiency | More efficient for liquid transfer | Less efficient due to the energy required for gas compression |
| Common Industries | Agriculture, water treatment, oil and gas | Manufacturing, HVAC, gas storage and transportation |
Pump Vs Compressor: What Should You Choose?
To choose between a pump and compressor, you must first decide on your business requirements. Some parameters that you should consider are discussed below.
You should buy pumps if:
- Your business involves moving liquids without the need of higher pressure change.
- You are dealing with incompressible liquids such as water, oil or chemicals.
You should buy compressors if:
- Your business involves increasing the pressure of gas for storage or transport.
- Your business needs powering up pneumatic tools or other air-powered devices.
Conclusion
Pumps and compressors are an integral part of liquid and gas systems and are used for different purposes. Pumps are primarily used for fluid transport, while compressors are used for compressing gas.
Both types of equipment are used in manufacturing, agriculture, and energy industries. Comparing the difference between pump and compressor can help you decide which is right for your business. Both the equipments are mechanical devices involved in rigorous processes. In this case, constant maintenance and repair are also crucial for the safety and optimum performance of the machine.
FAQ’s
The main difference between pump and compressor is the material handled by it. A pump is used to handle liquid, while a compressor is used to handle gas.
Generally, a pump can’t work like a compressor, but some industrial-grade vacuum pumps may generate enough power to work as a compressor.
Compressors can generate higher pressure than pumps. Compressors are suitable for high-power applications, and pumps can be used for low-power applications involving fluid transfer.
Regular monitoring, timely repair of broken parts, efficiency checks, and periodic maintenance are some of the steps that you should take to ensure best performance of both pump and compressor.
